Should Animals Be Used For Genetic Or Consumer Testing

Should Animals Be Used for Genetic or Consumer Testing? Each year, â€Å"more than 100 million animals are killed in U.S. laboratories for biology lessons, medical training, curiosity-driven experimentation, and chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics testing.† There are all types of animals that are used to do these experiments. Animal testing is inhumane and cruel, and causes pain to living creatures. Also, the reaction of drug in an animal s body can be very different from a human s body. An important thing about animal testing is that it can be very costly and unnecessary. Testing on animals should not be permitted because it is causing unnecessary harm to a living animal. To begin with, most animals go through large amounts of pain when they are getting tested. â€Å"Some animals are forced to inhale toxic fumes, others are immobilized in restraint devices for hours, some have holes drilled into their skulls, and others have their skin burned off, or their spinal cords crus hed.† In addition, when an animal is used for testing in a laboratory they are kept away from most of their natural wants and needs. For example, they are confined to barren cages, socially isolated, and psychologically traumatized.There are many animal deaths that were unnecessary due to animal testing. That means animals who were put to sleep because they survived the testing. Jane Goodall stated that â€Å"in the name of science or medicine, animals are subjected to countless invasive, frightening andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Animal Testing Ethics646 Words   |  3 PagesAnimal Testing Ethics Is animal testing right or wrong? No one has really answered that so far. Everyone has their own opinion about it. I personally think that if we are not abusing the testing it should be allowed. I dont think it is necessary to test animals for every little thing that goes on the market but sure why not when it relates to a life or death thing like cancer. How else would we make sure the medications wouldn’t kill us? Safety tests are conductedRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing1506 Words   |  7 PagesMore than 100 million animals are killed in the United States annually for biology lessons, medical training, curiosity-driven testing, and chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics testing. Animal testing in America has lasted for many years. It has long been viewed as a way to find cures for human diseases and test the safety of consumer products. However, animal testing is very costly and wastes time compared to other options. Many test subjects even die due to experiments. Human anatomy is also veryRead MoreAnimal Testing: Pros and Cons Essay1021 Words   |  5 Pages The ethical treatment and testing on animals is a widely controversial subject in the field of zoology. Views on animal testing range from positivity to full negativity. Animals such as mice and rats have been found to have psychological and genetic similarities that relate to humans which make them perfect for the experimental trials. Before various products are put out for humans consumption, animals are the most common way for companies to see if their new inventions work. The benefits andRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Animal Welfare Movement Essay1727 Words   |  7 Pagespractice of testing and then murdering innocent animals for medical research and cosmetics is immoral. Public policy establishing the animal welfare movement began in Great Britain with the passage stating an act in 1835 to consolidate and amend the several laws relating to the cruelty and improper treatment of animals. In 1911 the Parliament passed the â€Å"Protection of Animals Act, and it is still enforced currently. This policy was established while permitting humans to use animals as test subjectsRead MoreThe Importance Of Animal Testing1240 Words   |  5 Pages Animal testing has long played a part in the science of testing, and it still plays a very important role in the medical world. Testing on animals in order to create a cure for AIDS is one thing, but testing on animals for human vanity is another. Animal testing is used to test the safety of a product. It has kept some very unsafe substances out of the cosmetic world. However, in this day in age, animal testing is not the only way to test the safety of a product. Animal testing in cosmetics hasRead MoreThe Effects Of Genetic Modification On The Environment And The Human Race1475 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough many oppose the genetic modification of crops, genetic modification also poses an opportunity to lower the price of crops and increase production, which could help solve world hunger. While it may seem like negative effects would be outweighed by the possibility of solving world hunger, an important issue, the conceivably detrimental effects on the health of the environment and the human race would outweigh the humanitarian goal of stopping world hunger. Genetic modification of crops isRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms By Margaret Atwood926 Words   |  4 Pagesincrease food supply with higher yields, genetically modified organisms should be regulated to a certain extent for the sake of society s overall wellbeing. Because there has not been enough long term testing on GMOs to detect possible problems, everyone’s health could be suffering. There are few laws regulating genetically modified organisms due to the fact that they have not been around for a long time. No long term testing has been concluded, therefore there is no scientific conclusion when itRead MoreThe Dangers Of Testing Cosmetic Products On Animals1496 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Many of the largest brands in beauty s billion dollar industry are still continuing to test products on animals. Based on prior knowledge, there are various companies that do not test on animals. While there are big brand companies that continue to test on animals, like mice and rabbits. The purpose of this research is to examine the dangers of testing cosmetic products on animals, along with examining possible effective and safe ways to test products. Gathering information through qualitativeRead MoreEssay about Rogerian Argument of Genetic Engineered Foods1161 Words   |  5 PagesRogerian Paper: Genetically Modified Food â€Å"Biotechnology has been used for more than 6,000 years for lots of interesting and practical purposes: making food such as bread and cheese, preserving dairy products and fermenting beer† (Biotechnology - Promising a Brighter Future for the World). Although we do not always realize it, biotechnology is a huge part of our everyday lives, from the medicine we use to keep us healthy, the fuel we use to take us where we need to go, and even the food weRead MoreShould Animal Testing Be Used For Scientific Or Commercial Testing? Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pagessemester. Animal testing is a broad and controversial topic to many people because scientist and doctors are testing products on animals. Instead of testing on animals there are other ways to test products on. To prevent animal testing, one can buy cruelty-free products, educate others, help stop cosmetic testing or make donations to organizations that are against testing on animals. For my topic, I choose to resea rch whether animals should be used for scientific or commercial testing. I intend

Confucius s A Perfect Government - 2014 Words

A perfect government does not exist in this world, but a just one is always welcomed. The literary work Analects by Confucius shows the perspective of a philosopher and his version of an ideal China. Confucius is a philosopher that wrote his philosophy based on the world that surrounds him, and influence from the Zhou dynasty. One of the major subjects Confucianism addresses is China’s politics and government during Confucius’s time. Confucius tries to offer solutions through his philosophy to better China and its people. Confucius’s Analects is a critique of the dire rulers and China’s government, and tries to provide solutions to better China. Confucius lived in China during the Spring and Autumn period, which is 571-449 BCE. During this period China’s government and its rulers were corrupt, and because of this Confucius’s philosophy heavily revolves at trying to fix the current problem his society faces by trying to issue solutions within his philosophy. One of the major themes that Confucius always goes back to when talking about how China can become better is to go back to tradition. Tradition to Confucius meant not following mystical entities or abstract ideas, but to follow a simple system like the times of early China. Confucius thinks that the emperors such as Yao and Shun are examples of great leaders of the past, and the current government should follow their example (Christian Violatti, cited in Ancient History Encyclopedia 2013). These rulers ruled withoutShow MoreRelatedConfucianism Is A Comprehensive System Of Thought And Behavior Encompassing Religion, Philosophy, Morality, And Political Science 1441 Words   |  6 Pagesthat had supposedly existed before this period of internal warfare. Thus, Confucius s basic tenets not only helped individuals survive through life virtuously, but also impacted individuals’ educational aspects in a positive manner. Confucius came up with basic tenets for his teachings, which play a huge part in individuals’ everyday lives and morals. The first includes, â€Å"Compassion (Benevolence and Humanity) -- Confucius believed in the Golden Rule, which is common to almost all religions: ThatRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Confucianism856 Words   |  4 Pagestheir existence in the early times. Overall, both Hinduism and Confucianism look for the common good that will help enforce peace and brotherhood. Their belief systems go on a basis of making their followers act accordingly, helping to run their government and set a stable mindset for its people. Hinduism, the world’s oldest religion, is the third largest religion in the world after Islam and Christianity with close to one billion followers. The followers of the religion are called Hindus and areRead More Comparing Confucianism and Christianity Essay1140 Words   |  5 Pagesfather and son, husband and wife, elder and younger brother, and friend and friend (Hopfe). These relationships led a push for a revolution of the political system to adopt the methods of Jen. Confucius sought to revive the ancient Chinese culture by redefining the importance of society and government. He described a society governed by  ³reasonable, humane, and just sensibilities, not by the passions of individuals arbitrarily empowered by hereditary status ² (Clearly). He felt that this couldRead MoreConfucianism: Morality and Confucius1356 Words   |  6 PagesConfucius’s diagnosis of the problem(s) of human nature. What is his prescription? Do you think it’s a good one? If you agree, explain why? After studying the Confucius theory of human nature, my outlook and view on many things have either been changed or at least question. I am left to wonder how being born into this belief system may impact an individual views of themselves, and the world around them. Overall Confucianism is a very practical belief system. Confucius seemed very optimistic about humansRead MoreAncient And Early Modern Societies1145 Words   |  5 Pages282 laws but they were quickly destroyed by king Shutruk Nahhunte. A Mesopotamian religion is different than your typical religion. Their religion focuses on different aspects of a life. For example the religion will mention aspects of history, government, and even science. They also believed in sacrifices because they believed they owed something to the Gods, who they praised regularly. In the primary source, Enuma Elish, which talked about different gods and how they went through a period of chaosRead MoreChinese Philosophy Essay1408 Words   |  6 PagesConfucianism believed that a ruler s job was to set a good example, and not order. Since people were thought of as naturally good, they would following the right path based on their own conscience. Legalism was a more harsh way of ruling, led by Hanfeizi. They thought people were evil, and needed strict laws and punishment to keep them in line. Daoism was very different from either of the other two. It was led by Laozi, who taught that the best kind of government was one who governed the least. TheyRead MoreConfucianism Of Han Chin Synthesis And Syncretion1581 Words   |  7 Pagescaused by the political elites showing little to no interest in maintaining the Confucian form of government. This paper will analyze the synthesis and syncretism of Confucianism into the Han Dynasty. Introduction It was during the former Han Dynasty period that Confucianism developed from being the teachings of a few scholars at the end of the Chou period, to becoming the philosophy of the government. This had set Confucianism to become the dominating feature of Chinese culture and to affect a largeRead MoreThe Tenants Of A Foolproof Governmental System2264 Words   |  10 Pagesmuch larger society to prosper and grow? These are hard questions to answer, but there have been a few key figures in history who have tried to answer them. Among the earliest texts on this topic, Confucius’ Analects give some key insights into the topic. He seems to think the key to this perfect government is for the leader and the people to be a â€Å"gentleman†. Plato brings a more detailed view on the topic with his The Republic. He decides that the key is to have everyone specialized in the job theyRead MoreThe Capitol And Administrative Center Of Darius Empire906 Words   |  4 Pagesadministrat ive center of Darius massive empire. Significance- The biggest city to exist at the time wit the most complex governing, city structure, and buildings of the era, a massive monument to Darius empire. 3. Satrapies pg. 163 A form of government that allowed people, called satraps, selected by the ruler to govern smaller areas, similar to states and governors. Significance- This system allowed a massive empire to be governed very efficiently 4. Qanat pg. 164 Underground canals that allowedRead More Confucianism and the Chinese View of Life Essay3835 Words   |  16 Pagespreserved.† – Confucius -- Confucianism created the Chinese view of life. The Confucian view is based on the ancient Chinese tradition. It can be stated that the view of Confucius and that of the Chinese began in the same place (  Bush, 15). In subsequent centuries Confucius’ teachings exerted a powerful influence on the Chinese nation. Therefore, the history that surrounds both Confucius as well as Confucianism is relevant to how many eastern people live their life today. Confucius was born in

Culture 2 Essay Research Paper In the free essay sample

Culture 2 Essay, Research Paper In the Humanistic disciplines of the Contact Zone, Mary Louise Pratt has tried to explicate the constructs of the contact zone, which she referred to as the infinite of colonial brushs. This societal infinite that she speaks approximately is a phase where disparate cultures meet, clang, and grapple each other, frequently in extremely asymmetrical dealingss of domination and subordination. Pratt aims to foreground these dealingss between the coloniser and the colonized in footings of copresence, interaction, meshing apprehensions and patterns. There frequently are struggles of positions and thoughts ; the really construct of being possibly apprehended otherwise by the two involved topics in the contact zone.The inability of the coloniser to grok the cultural sentiments or the knowing ignorance for selfish involvements, towards the colonised topics has frequently given rise to great revolutions and acrimonious rebellions. To exemplify this thought, one might analyze the colonial brush between the British and the Indians. We will write a custom essay sample on Culture 2 Essay Research Paper In the or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The contact of two races so dissimlar in character, in civilization, and establishments, as the English and the Indian, raises the job of the contact of civilizations in its most acute signifiers ( Spear, 22 ) . The job in India was complicated by legion factors. The unfamiliarity of the environment, the differences in the national character of the two groups and the differences in the societal and political establishments, were the few that played an of import portion. The English found the eastern environment really unusual. Their wonts of day-to-day life, their deit, frock, amusements, and all other societal involvements, diversions and comfortss of life were wholly foreign and had nil to d O with those of the Indians. Britain, at the clip, was a turning state in ownership of the techniques, organisation, and energy which would enable her to go a universe power. She was in the thick of a political, societal and economical transmutation. Britain s transmutation was of great importance to the development of new attitudes towards India. The designs of the English became more imperial and their attitude more haughty and aloof ( George,44 ) . The societal gulf that existed between the diplomatic initiates and the English bookmans began to widen. The attitude of the mean Englishman changed from one of disapproval of Hindu superstitious notions and Mussalman dogmatism and of philosophic and cultural involvement in Hindu mythology, and of historical wonder in Moguhal domination ; into one of disdain for an inferior and conquered people ( George, 44 ) . The English had developed from the pettifogging bargainers disputing over their seats in church, to imperial daredevils and big graduated table blackmailers ( Spear, 23 ) . The British no longer relished the ways of commercialism ; their appetencies, alternatively were whetted by conquering and chances of loot. With the decease of the Mughal Emperor, Aurangzib, saw the decomposition of the Mughal Empire. This left the state in a state of affairs of political agitation and uncertainness. The British had an image of themselves as to be constitutional people and felt that they had every right to the state. They thought Indians were benighted pagan who must be saved from themselves. Hence, capitalising on the state of affairs in India, the British plunged into conflict, and emerged winning. Therefore, established British regulation over the province of India and its districts.

Sibling Rivalry as a Predominant Theme in The Book of Genesis free essay sample

This paper analyzes sibling rivalry relationships, drawing on specific case studies taken from the Book of Genesis. The following paper analyzes sibling rivalry relationships from two perspectives of analysis: that of structuralism and that of emphasizing the importance of the concept of sacrifice, drawing on the relationships of Jacob and Esau, Cain and Abel and Leah and Rachels, taken from the Book of Genesis. From the paper: One of the predominant themes in the Book of Genesis is that of sibling rivalry: We see in the pairs of Jacob and Esau, Cain and Abel and Leah and Rachel a series of oppositions presented to us in the form of these sibling relationships. This paper analyzes those relationships from two different perspectives. The first of these is the Structuralist one, which allows us to see these sibling relationships within the broader context of sacred and folk writings in a number of cultures and the second is within the framework of sacrifice as the ancient Jews understood this concept. We will write a custom essay sample on Sibling Rivalry as a Predominant Theme in The Book of Genesis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

History Of Asian Economies Essays - Economy Of South Korea

History Of Asian Economies Korea was one of the poorest countries in world after experiencing two wars. World War II and Korean war (1950 ~ 1953). The country even experienced a food shortage so that it had to heavily rely on the foreign aid. Yearly per capita consumption was a mere $88 as late as 1965. However, since 1965, Korea has been transformed from its underdeveloped agricultural economy to a leading Newly Industrializing Country. Between 1965 and 1981, its gross national product GNP multiplied twenty times from $3 billion to $63 billion and per capita GNP increased sixteen times from $88 to $1,554. There have been many explanations for Korea's successful story. Among those, the strong role of government would be probably the most important one. At the same time, this would be also responsible for current recession. After Koran war, the government in fact had no sense of direction and also due to the unstable political situation, the country didn't have specific economic policy until 1961 when military government came to power and established the major institution guiding its economic planning called Economic Planing Board (EPB). This government set economic development as the top national priority and recognized the financial system in support of economic development plan. To achieve this purpose, it focused its policies mainly on export expansion moving its emphasis from import substitution. The result was considered quite successful for economic growth. Between 1965 and 1973, exports grew at average annual rate of 45%, from $175 million to $3,271 million. The success of the expansion was due primary to three factors (Kwack, 72). The first was a favorable international economic environment, which saw total world imports expand from $175 billion in 1965 to $536 billion by 1973. This boom in imports of the world reflected the fact that the industrialized had not yet erected import barriers against exports from developing countries and were, on the contrary, quite active importers of cheaper goods from Newly Industrializing Countries such as Korea. A second significant factor was the Korean government's policy of promoting exports, which was set in motion in 1965. Initially, the government introduced a number of fiscal and financial incentives, which I will discuss more later. A third factor was Korea's abundant and highly productive labor force. This gave Korea a strong comparative advantage in producing labor intensive products and provided the impetus for the notable expansion for exports. In order to expand total exports over time periods, however, Korea turned to new export industries that were expected to have a comparative advantage with abundant labor, but skilled labor at this time, such as shipbuilding, electronics, and steel industries. This attempt was viewed as a manufacturing shifting of its emphasis from light industries to heavy industries which later started to produce intermediary goods as substitutes for imports (Kwack, 77). However, this government's promotion of heavy industries for large-scale economies led to under-investment in light manufacturing industries causing productive gap between small and large firms. Actually, the large firm that runs heavy industries has been given priorities, and small and medium firms relatively disregarded in government's allocation of loanable funds and other administrative preference. As a result, conglomerates later known as chaebol (family owned conglomerate) have been formed through this expansion of heavy industries. Government's Policy Before 1961 As seen above, the Korean government has been focused on import substitution for economic growth during 1953 ~ 65 period and followed by export expansion policy after 1965. However, to progress its policy efficiently, the government had to face to one of serious problem, poverty. After two major wars, the country even with a food shortage experienced lack of capital. There was no source for savings and investment to finance economic growth domestically, so it depended heavily on foreign capital which inflow in a form of mostly aid and loan in the early stage of economic growth. The proportion of foreign capital to total capital formation in 1965 was approximately 40 percent. In addition to inflow of foreign capital, the government faced allocation of capital with using its financial system. Before the military government in 1961, the loan decisions of commercial banks were heavily influenced by political interference (Haggard, 26). Well, in fact the loan decisions in Korea mostly were affected by political interference rather than bank themselves until recent time, but during the 1948 ~ 1961 period, the rent generated by low interest rate was used for its political activities rather than economic growth. Government's Export Promotion Policies In the economic development, the government's creation of economic rent for certain segments of business takes critical role.

How to Conjugate the Verb Dare in Italian

How to Conjugate the Verb Dare in Italian The word dare† in Italian has the following meanings in English: to hand over, to pay, to entrust, to charge, to give up, and to let have. Considerations When Using the Verb Dare It’s an irregular first-conjugation verb, so it doesn’t follow the typical -are verb ending pattern.It can be both a transitive an intransitive verb the former taking a direct object and the latter not taking a direct object when conjugated with â€Å"avere.†The infinito is â€Å"dare.†The participio passato is â€Å"dato.†The gerund form is â€Å"dando.†The past gerund form is â€Å"avendo dato.† INDICATIVO/INDICATIVE Il presente io do, d noi diamo tu dai voi date lui, lei, Lei d essi, Loro danno Ad esempio: Ti do il mio numero di telefono, va bene? - I’ll give you my phone number, okay? Il passato prossimo io ho dato noi abbiamo dato tu hai dato voi avete dato lui, lei, Lei, ha dato essi, Loro hanno dato Ad esempio: Le ho dato un bicchiere di vino rosso. - I gave her a glass of red wine.Vi ho dato la mia fiducia! - I gave you my trust!/I trusted you! L’imperfetto io davo noi davamo tu davi voi davate lui, lei, Lei dava essi, Loro davano Ad esempio: Ogni mese mi dava cinquecento euro. - Each month, he gave me 500 euros.La mamma mi dava sempre un piccolo compito da fare. - My mom used to entrust me with a little task. Il trapassato prossimo io avevo dato noi avevamo dato tu avevi dato voi avevate dato lui, lei, Lei aveva dato essi, Loro avevano dato Ad esempio: Le avevo dato la camera migliore dell’hotel, ma si à ¨ comunque lamentata. - I had given her the best room in the hotel, but she still complained. Il passato remoto io diedi/detti noi demmo tu desti voi deste lui, lei, Lei diede/dette essi, Loro diedero/dettero Ad esempio: Mi diedero il mio primo premio vent’anni fa! - They gave me my first award twenty years ago. Il trapassato remoto io ebbi dato noi avemmo dato tu avesti dato voi aveste dato lui, lei, Lei ebbe dato essi, Loro ebbero dato TIP: This tense is rarely used, so don’t worry too much about mastering it. You’ll find it in very sophisticated writing. Il futuro semplice io dar noi daremo tu darai voi darete lui, lei, Lei dar essi, Loro daranno Ad esempio: Quando ci vediamo, ti darà ² una bella notizia! - When we see each other, I’m going to give you good news!Non credo che i proprietari daranno le redini dell’azienda ai figli. - I don’t think the proprietor will hand over the reins of the company to their sons. Il futuro anteriore io avr dato noi avremo dato tu avrai dato voi avrete dato lui, lei, Lei avr dato essi, Loro avranno dato Ad esempio: Le avranno dato una mano. - They must have given her a hand. CONGIUNTIVO/SUBJUNCTIVE Il presente che io dia che noi diamo che tu dia che voi diate che lui, lei, Lei dia che essi, Loro diano Ad esempio: Non voglio che il mio capo mi dia la promozione, voglio rinunciare! - I don’t want my boss to give me the promotion, I want to quit! Il passato io abbia dato noi abbiamo dato tu abbia dato voi abbiate dato lui, lei, egli abbia dato essi, Loro abbiano dato Ad esempio: Oh, penso che ti abbia gi dato le informazioni per il corso di Italiano. - Oh, I thought he had already given you the information about the Italian class. L’imperfetto io dessi noi dessimo tu dessi voi deste lui, lei, egli desse essi, Loro dessero Ad esempio: Non desiderava che gli dessi soldi, ma so che ha bisogno dell’aiuto. - He didn’t want me to give him money, but I know he needs the help. Il trapassato prossimo io avessi dato noi avessimo dato tu avessi dato voi aveste dato lui, lei, Lei avesse dato essi, Loro avessero dato Ad esempio: Se mi avesse dato un giorno in pià ¹, avrei finito i compiti! - If he had given me one more day, I would have finished the homework. CONDIZIONALE/CONDITIONAL In the condizionale/conditional: Il presente io darei noi daremmo tu daresti voi dareste lui, lei, Lei darebbe essi, Loro darebbero Ad esempio: Ti darei questa bottiglia d’acqua, ma anche io ho sete. - I would give you this bottle of water, but I’m thirsty, too.Vi daremmo pià ¹ soldi se foste pià ¹ coscienziosi! - We would give you more money if you were more diligent! Il passato io avrei dato noi avremmo dato tu avresti dato voi avreste dato lui, lei, egli avrebbe dato essi, Loro avrebbero dato Ad esempio: Ti avrei dato pià ¹ tempo da passare insieme, ma ero molto impegnato in quel periodo. - I would have given you more time to spend together, but I was really busy during that time.

Theories of Crime Causation Unit 1IP Research Paper

Theories of Crime Causation Unit 1IP - Research Paper Example Criminologists study feminist criminology an area that considers the subject on women and crime. There is penology where criminologists focus on the study of the prison system at large. Criminalists are physical scientists they are known as crime scene investigators, or crime lab technicians. According to Roberts, the task of criminalists involves recognizing, collecting, analysing, interpreting, preserving physical evidence from crime scenes (Roberts, 2013). Criminalists usually testify in courts regarding their scientific findings. Roberts explains that many times the work of a criminalist revolves around the laboratory. Roberts clarifies that criminalists do not fight crime as shown in criminal movies. A Criminalists’ field of study is rather wide there are areas, which focus on firearms, and tool marks. This section deals with weapons, bullets, found in crime scenes. A study on DNA and serology involves examination of biological materials in crimes scenes that contain DNA. Criminalists study trace evidence, which include hair, soil, fibres, and other objects from crime scenes, which can provide information related to the crime. A study on drugs alcohol and toxicology empowers criminalists with the knowledge on how to utilise analytical chemistry in identifying pills liquids, body fluids among other substances in a crime scene (Roberts, 2013). Forensic psychologists utilise human understanding to perform various tasks in the legal and civil systems. Atlaf explains that forensic psychologist assists in criminal investigation by performing criminal profiling tasks. Forensic psychologists can observe a crime scene and deduce the characteristics of the person who created the crime scene. Atlaf mentions that forensic psychologists can work in police stations where they provide counselling to police officers. Forensic psychologists also provide crisis counselling for crime victims. In judicial systems, forensic psychologists perform a number of tasks. For i nstance forensic can determine whether a defendant is able to stand trial, they can also determine the mental state of a defendant when he was committing a crime. Atlaf explains that in American systems Forensic psychologists serve in family law where they perform the role of mediators between divorcing parents who have disputes the needs and interests of their children. Forensic psychologists examine criminals and determine if they are dangerous. They provide information that is vital in the sentencing process. Sutherland (1949), states that white-collar crimes are illegal acts committed by persons of a high social status. According to Barnett (2010), white-collar crimes are illegal acts that are non-violent in nature. The United States department of justice argues that people engage in white-collar crimes for financial gain, to avoid payment, to secure personal or business advantage. White-collar criminals utilise sophisticated means to conceal their acts of deceit. White-collar c rimes include the various types of fraud, embezzlement, computer crime, bribery, forgery, antitrust violations. White-collar crimes cause massive financial losses to states, local government, private organisations and individuals. For example when a company shuts down due to financial losses resulting from a fraud case we have people who lose jobs, investors who lose their money, consumers who feel disappointed by the